diff --git a/web/src/components/RealtimeTable/Modals/CreateProgramProjectModal.jsx b/web/src/components/RealtimeTable/Modals/CreateProgramProjectModal.jsx
index fee94e7..f5b6d77 100644
--- a/web/src/components/RealtimeTable/Modals/CreateProgramProjectModal.jsx
+++ b/web/src/components/RealtimeTable/Modals/CreateProgramProjectModal.jsx
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ const CreateProgramModalComponent = ({ isOpen, onClose, onCreate, title = '', is
 		onClose();
 	};
 
-	const isFormValid = name !== '';
+	const isFormValid = name.trim() !== '';
 
 	if (!isOpen) return null;
 
diff --git a/web/src/components/RealtimeTable/RealtimeTable.jsx b/web/src/components/RealtimeTable/RealtimeTable.jsx
index d9ae991..deb3a23 100644
--- a/web/src/components/RealtimeTable/RealtimeTable.jsx
+++ b/web/src/components/RealtimeTable/RealtimeTable.jsx
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ import { useValidationRules } from './hooks/useValidationRules';
 import { getColumnVirtualizerOptions, getOrderedVisibleColumns } from './utils/columnLayoutUtils';
 import { isCellEditable } from './utils/cellEditability';
 import { findNextEditableColumnId, findNextEditableRowId } from './utils/cellNavigation';
-import { canAddRowForHeader, getDeleteTarget } from './utils/rowUtils';
+import { canAddRowForHeader, getDeleteTarget, getProjectAddTarget } from './utils/rowUtils';
 import { clearLegacyFormulaKeys } from './utils/localStorageUtils';
 import { formatHeaderPaths, getValidationRowKey } from './utils/validationUtils';
 
@@ -931,9 +931,7 @@ const RealtimeTable = ({ formType, formId, sheetName, direction, year }) => {
 
 	const handleAddProjectRow = useCallback(
 		(name) => {
-			const row = getSelectedRow();
-			if (!row) return;
-			contextAddProject({ name, program_id: row.original.data.header.program_id });
+			contextAddProject({ name: name.trim(), ...getProjectAddTarget(getSelectedRow()?.original) });
 		},
 		[contextAddProject, getSelectedRow],
 	);
@@ -1015,17 +1013,8 @@ const RealtimeTable = ({ formType, formId, sheetName, direction, year }) => {
 			toast.error('Добавление строк недоступно: нет доступных для редактирования столбцов');
 			return;
 		}
-		const row = getSelectedRow();
-		if (!row) {
-			toast.error('Выделите строку для вставки');
-			return;
-		}
-		if (row.original.row_type !== 'GROUP') {
-			toast.error('Выделите строку программы');
-			return;
-		}
 		modalsRef.current?.open('project');
-	}, [canModifyRows, getSelectedRow]);
+	}, [canModifyRows]);
 
 	useEffect(() => {
 		return () => {
diff --git a/web/src/components/RealtimeTable/hooks/useRealtimeData.js b/web/src/components/RealtimeTable/hooks/useRealtimeData.js
index 5d3f383..6d69fda 100644
--- a/web/src/components/RealtimeTable/hooks/useRealtimeData.js
+++ b/web/src/components/RealtimeTable/hooks/useRealtimeData.js
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ import {
 	deleteRow,
 	insertCell,
 	insertProjectRow,
+	insertStandaloneProjectRow,
 	updateCells,
 } from '../utils/cellUtils';
 import { buildRowHierarchy, getParentId, isVspNewRow } from '../utils/rowUtils';
@@ -150,9 +151,14 @@ const useRealtimeData = (formId, sheetName, direction, formType, year) => {
 				return;
 			}
 			setData((prevData) => {
-				const updateData = updateCells(prevData, updatedCells);
-				const newData = insertProjectRow(updateData, newRow, program_id);
-				return newData;
+				let base = structuredClone(prevData);
+				const rootRow = updates.find((row) => row[0] === 'ROOT');
+				if (base[0]?.row_type !== 'ROOT' && rootRow) {
+					base = addRootRow(base, rootRow);
+				}
+				const updateData = updateCells(base, alignNodeRows(base, updatedCells));
+				if (program_id != null) return insertProjectRow(updateData, newRow, program_id);
+				return insertStandaloneProjectRow(updateData, newRow);
 			});
 		});
 
diff --git a/web/src/components/RealtimeTable/utils/cellUtils.js b/web/src/components/RealtimeTable/utils/cellUtils.js
index 9e6d247..601072d 100644
--- a/web/src/components/RealtimeTable/utils/cellUtils.js
+++ b/web/src/components/RealtimeTable/utils/cellUtils.js
@@ -284,6 +284,30 @@ export function insertProjectRow(data, newRow, program_id) {
 	return updatedRows;
 }
 
+// AURORA-1984: самостоятельный проект (без программы) — под первый ROOT или на
+// верхний уровень, перед первой строкой списка с большим sort_order (исторические
+// INPUT идут после проектов). Номера строк с sort_order >= нового сдвигаются.
+export function insertStandaloneProjectRow(data, newRow) {
+	const updatedRows = structuredClone(data);
+	const [row_type, depth, sort_order, dataRow] = newRow;
+	const newRowObject = { row_type, depth, sort_order, subRows: [], data: dataRow };
+
+	const shift = (rows) => {
+		for (const row of rows) {
+			if (row.sort_order >= sort_order) row.sort_order += 1;
+			if (Array.isArray(row.subRows)) shift(row.subRows);
+		}
+	};
+	shift(updatedRows);
+
+	const root = updatedRows.find((row) => row.row_type === 'ROOT');
+	if (root && !Array.isArray(root.subRows)) root.subRows = [];
+	const target = root ? root.subRows : updatedRows;
+	const index = target.findIndex((row) => row.sort_order > sort_order);
+	target.splice(index === -1 ? target.length : index, 0, newRowObject);
+	return updatedRows;
+}
+
 export function deleteRow(data, lineId) {
 	if (lineId == null) return data;
 	return deleteRowWhere(data, (row) => getDataRowId(row.data) === lineId);
diff --git a/web/src/components/RealtimeTable/utils/cellUtils.test.js b/web/src/components/RealtimeTable/utils/cellUtils.test.js
index 7e31d11..1652177 100644
--- a/web/src/components/RealtimeTable/utils/cellUtils.test.js
+++ b/web/src/components/RealtimeTable/utils/cellUtils.test.js
@@ -1,6 +1,15 @@
 import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
 import { test } from 'node:test';
-import { alignNodeRows, deleteProgramRow, deleteProjectRow, deleteRow, updateCells } from './cellUtils.js';
+import {
+	addRootRow,
+	alignNodeRows,
+	deleteProgramRow,
+	deleteProjectRow,
+	deleteRow,
+	insertCell,
+	insertStandaloneProjectRow,
+	updateCells,
+} from './cellUtils.js';
 
 // Эталон: прежняя реализация updateCells (до AURORA-1838).
 function oldUpdateCells(data, newRows) {
@@ -385,3 +394,49 @@ test('AURORA-1978: alignNodeRows — ROOT по section_code, строки без
 		],
 	);
 });
+
+const node = (rowType, sortOrder, header = {}, subRows = []) => ({
+	row_type: rowType,
+	depth: { ROOT: 0, GROUP: 1, ITEM: 2, INPUT: 3 }[rowType],
+	sort_order: sortOrder,
+	subRows,
+	data: { header },
+});
+const newItem = (sortOrder) => ['ITEM', 2, sortOrder, { header: { project_id: 77, name: 'Н' } }];
+
+test('AURORA-1984: самостоятельный проект — под ROOT, после соседей', () => {
+	const result = insertStandaloneProjectRow([node('ROOT', 1, {}, [node('GROUP', 2)])], newItem(3));
+	assert.deepEqual(
+		result[0].subRows.map((r) => [r.row_type, r.sort_order]),
+		[
+			['GROUP', 2],
+			['ITEM', 3],
+		],
+	);
+});
+
+test('AURORA-1984: самостоятельный проект — на верхний уровень без ROOT', () => {
+	const result = insertStandaloneProjectRow([node('GROUP', 1)], newItem(2));
+	assert.deepEqual(
+		result.map((r) => r.row_type),
+		['GROUP', 'ITEM'],
+	);
+});
+
+test('AURORA-1984: самостоятельный проект — перед историческим расходом, номера сдвигаются', () => {
+	const result = insertStandaloneProjectRow([node('ROOT', 1, {}, [node('GROUP', 2), node('INPUT', 3)])], newItem(3));
+	assert.deepEqual(
+		result[0].subRows.map((r) => [r.row_type, r.sort_order]),
+		[
+			['GROUP', 2],
+			['ITEM', 3],
+			['INPUT', 4],
+		],
+	);
+});
+
+test('AURORA-1984: insertCell после addRootRow — первый расход самостоятельного проекта', () => {
+	const withRoot = addRootRow([node('ITEM', 1, { project_id: 21 })], ['ROOT', 0, 1, { header: { expense_item_id: 900 } }]);
+	const result = insertCell(withRoot, ['INPUT', 3, 3, { line_id: 5, header: { project_id: 21 } }], 21);
+	assert.equal(result[0].subRows[0].subRows[0].data.line_id, 5);
+});
diff --git a/web/src/components/RealtimeTable/utils/rowUtils.js b/web/src/components/RealtimeTable/utils/rowUtils.js
index 48d556f..4dad616 100644
--- a/web/src/components/RealtimeTable/utils/rowUtils.js
+++ b/web/src/components/RealtimeTable/utils/rowUtils.js
@@ -69,6 +69,15 @@ export function getDeleteTarget(rowData, { isForm4 = false } = {}) {
 	return id == null ? null : { kind: 'row', id };
 }
 
+// AURORA-1984: цель добавления проекта по выделенной строке. Программа задана
+// только если у GROUP/ITEM/INPUT header.program_id != null; иначе проект
+// самостоятельный. rowData — row.original.
+export function getProjectAddTarget(rowData) {
+	const programId = rowData?.data?.header?.program_id;
+	const typed = ['GROUP', 'ITEM', 'INPUT'].includes(rowData?.row_type);
+	return typed && programId != null ? { program_id: programId } : {};
+}
+
 export function isVspRow(row) {
 	if (row?.original?.data?.id) {
 		return true;
diff --git a/web/src/components/RealtimeTable/utils/rowUtils.test.js b/web/src/components/RealtimeTable/utils/rowUtils.test.js
index a7b623f..281ddc8 100644
--- a/web/src/components/RealtimeTable/utils/rowUtils.test.js
+++ b/web/src/components/RealtimeTable/utils/rowUtils.test.js
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
 import test from 'node:test';
-import { buildRowHierarchy, canAddRowForHeader, getDataRowId, getDeleteTarget } from './rowUtils.js';
+import { buildRowHierarchy, canAddRowForHeader, getDataRowId, getDeleteTarget, getProjectAddTarget } from './rowUtils.js';
 
 test('row hierarchy uses row types when depth skips a level and keeps INPUT rows as siblings', () => {
 	const rows = [
@@ -87,3 +87,13 @@ test('AURORA-1978: getDeleteTarget — строка бюджета и прочи
 	assert.equal(getDeleteTarget(form4Row('ROOT', { section_code: 'S' }), { isForm4: true }), null);
 	assert.equal(getDeleteTarget(null, { isForm4: true }), null);
 });
+
+test('AURORA-1984: getProjectAddTarget — цель по выделенной строке', () => {
+	assert.deepEqual(getProjectAddTarget(undefined), {});
+	assert.deepEqual(getProjectAddTarget(form4Row('ROOT', { section_code: 'CAP' })), {});
+	assert.deepEqual(getProjectAddTarget(form4Row('GROUP', { program_id: 11 })), { program_id: 11 });
+	assert.deepEqual(getProjectAddTarget(form4Row('ITEM', { program_id: 11, project_id: 21 })), { program_id: 11 });
+	assert.deepEqual(getProjectAddTarget(form4Row('ITEM', { program_id: null, project_id: 21 })), {});
+	assert.deepEqual(getProjectAddTarget(form4Row('ITEM', { project_id: 21 })), {});
+	assert.deepEqual(getProjectAddTarget(form4Row('INPUT', { program_id: 11, project_id: 21 })), { program_id: 11 });
+});